RESUMO
Aims:To determine the pattern of ocular disorders in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary ospital in Nigeria.Study Design:A cross-sectional hospital based study on confirmed HIV positive adult patients attending the HIV clinic in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.Duration of Study:November and December 2011. Methodology:Consecutive patients within the inclusion criteria were recruited until the required sample size was met. The visual acuity was tested using the Snellen’s chart and the illiterate E-chart. Ocular examination of the adnexial and anterior segments were done using a pen torch and a slit lamp biomicroscope. Fundoscopy was done using a direct and indirect ophthalmoscope as well as with a 90D lens. Other information such as CD4 count and HIV serotype were retrieved from the patient’s case notes. The data was analysed using EPI-info version 7.0. Statistical methods such as the frequency and chi-square were used to test the significance of association.Level of significance was drawn at P<0.05.Results: A total of 411 patients were enrolled in this study. The age range was between 18-69 years with a mean age of 36.9 years. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2. Ocular disorders were seen in 37.1% of patients studied. The commonest manifestation was the ocular adnexial manifestation and conjunctival microvasculopathy ranked highest (15.6%) in this group. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was seen in 5 (1.2%) patients, presumed squamous cell carcinoma in 12(2.9%) and Kaposi sarcoma in 3(0.7%). Chorioretinitis was found in 12(2.9%), retinal microvasculopathy in 19(4.6%) and maculopathy in 15(3.6%). There was no case of CMV retinitis. Conclusion: Ocular findings seen in HIV-positive patients were mostly adnexial and occurred in 37% of the study population
RESUMO
AIM: To determine the mean density and describe the morphology of corneal endothelial cells in adult Nigerians in Port Harcourt. Study Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: A study conducted among adult Nigerians aged ≥ 18 years in Port Harcourt city Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria between January and April 2014. Methodology: Participants were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. An interviewer-based semi-structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic data. All participants had ocular examinations done including visual acuity measurement, anterior segment examination, fundoscopy, and non-contact specular microscopy. Results: Four hundred and eighty (n=480) subjects were studied. There were 212 males (44.2%) and 268 females (55.8%) with a mean age of 43.0±14.2 years and range 18-91 years. The mean Endothelial Cell Density (ECD) was 2791±221 cells/mm2. Males had a tendency to have a higher ECD (2882±220 cells/mm2) than females (2784±215 cells/mm2, p=0.490) in ages less than 40 years. Conclusions: The mean ECD obtained in adult Nigerians was 2791±221 cells/mm2. No statistically significant difference was found in ECD between males and females. The degree of polymegathism of corneal endothelial cells increased with age in the study population but this was also not statistically significant (p=0.141).